12DN2FL

litho-welded and composite structures responsible loaded parts, which are requirements of sufficient strength and toughness, operating under the influence of static and dynamic loads at temperatures up to 400 ° C.

Classification

Country	Section	Category
Country	Section	Category
CIS, Russia, Ukraine	Steels and alloys for castings	Ordinary steel for castings

Chemical composition

Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	V, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
Standard	Fe, %	Si, %	Mn, %	Cu, %	Ni, %	V, %	P, %	C, %	S, %
GOST 977-88	94.62–96.24	0.2–0.4	0.4–0.9	1.2–1.5	1.8–2.2	0.08–0.15	< 0.035	0.08–0.16	< 0.035

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Physical characteristics

Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
Temperature, °C	$E\cdot 10^{9}$ , $MPa$	$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$ , $K^{-1}$	$\varkappa$ , $\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	$\rho$ , $\frac{kg}{m^3}$	$c\cdot 10^{-3}$ , $\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	$R\cdot 10^{-6}$ , $\Omega\cdot m$
20	211		37	7860		0.21
100	206	11.5	38		0.487	0.268
200	196	12.3	38		0.504	0.339
300	189	12.9	38		0.517	0.426
400	181	13.1	37		0.529	0.545
500	174	13.7	34		0.559	0.641
600	155	14.2	32		0.575	0.787
700	135	14.1	29		0.617	0.939
800	127	10.8	27		0.689	1.109
900		12.6	27		0.685	1.158

Mechanical properties at 20 °C

Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Rolling	Standard	Size, mm	Tension	Classifiers	$\sigma _{U}$ , $MPa$	$\sigma_{P}$ , $MPa$	$\epsilon_L$ , %	$\psi$ , %	$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$ , $\frac{J}{m^2}$	Treatment
Castings	GOST 977-88	< 100			638	540	12	20	294	Normalization of 910-930 ° C, 530-580 ° C and Holidays
Castings	GOST 977-88				785	638	12	25	392	Final processing - Tempering 890-910 ° C, 560-600 ° C Vacation

Brinell hardness number

Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Rolling	Standard	Classifiers	Value, HBW
Alloy			170–229

Casting and technological parameters

linear shrinkage, %
linear shrinkage, %
1.9

Technological Properties

Weldability
Weldability
no limits

Heat Treatment Modes

Treatment
Treatment
Normalization 910 - 930 ° C, Release 530 - 560 ° C or Preprocessing - Normalization 940 - 950 ° C
Final processing - Hardening 890 - 910 ° C, Release 560 - 600 ° C

Standards

Standard	Description
Standard	Description
GOST 977-88

Description of chemical elements

Element	Units of measurement	Description
Element	Units of measurement	Description
Fe	%	Iron
Si	%	Silicon
Mn	%	Manganese
Cu	%	Copper
Ni	%	Nickel
V	%	Vanadium
P	%	Phosphorus
C	%	Carbon
S	%	Sulfur

Description of physical characteristics

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$E\cdot 10^{9}$	$MPa$	Elastic modulus
$\alpha\cdot 10^{6}$	$K^{-1}$	Coefficient of thermal (linear) expansion (range 20°C–T)
$\varkappa$	$\frac{W}{m\cdot K}$	Coefficient of thermal conductivity (the heat capacity of the material)
$\rho$	$\frac{kg}{m^3}$	The density of the material
$c\cdot 10^{-3}$	$\frac{J}{kg\cdot K}$	The specific heat of the material (range 20°C–T)
$R\cdot 10^{-6}$	$\Omega\cdot m$	Electrical resistivity

Description of mechanical properties

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
$\sigma _{U}$	$MPa$	Ultimate tensile strength
$\sigma_{P}$	$MPa$	Proportionality limit
$\epsilon_L$	%	Elongation at break (longitudinal)
$\psi$	%	Reduction in cross section on fracture
$KCU\cdot 10^{3}$	$\frac{J}{m^2}$	Impact toughness

Description of the casting and technological parameters

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
linear shrinkage	%	The difference between model dimensions and the model casting

Designation of types of weldability

Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
Parameter	Units of measurement	Description
no limits		Welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment
Boundedly welded		Welding is possible with heating up to 100–120 °C and subsequent heat treatment
Difficult to weld		For obtaining quality welded joints, additional operations are required: heating up to 200–300 °C for welding, heat treatment after welding — annealing
Not applicable for welded structures